GRAMMAR AND STUCTURE TOEFL

Toefl Structure 1

This free practice test has the same sort of questions as you will find in the paper-based TOEFL test. You have 20 minutes to do 20 questions. When you have completed the test you will get a score and you can review your answer to each question

Choose the correct answer

1   The number of girls in school and women in parliaments has risen, and their overall access to contraception has improved in the past decade, _____ new report.

 according a
 published in a
 according to a
 stated in a

 

Toefl Structure 2

This free practice test has the same sort of questions as you will find in the paper-based TOEFL test. You have 20 minutes to do 20 questions. When you have completed the test you will get a score and you can review your answer to each question

Choose the correct answer

1   Computers crash _____ in the operating system (OS) software or errors in the computer hardware. Software errors are probably more common, but hardware errors can be devastating and harder to diagnose.

 because of errors
 due the errors
 resulting in errors
 owing errors

Toefl Structure 3

This free practice test has the same sort of questions as you will find in the paper-based TOEFL test. You have 20 minutes to do 20 questions. When you have completed the test you will get a score and you can review your answer to each question

Choose the correct answer

1   The island of Mauritius _____ from an agricultural to a semi-industrialized country over the past three decades.

 is evolving
 has been evolved
 evolved
 has evolved

Toefl Structure 4

This free practice test has the same sort of questions as you will find in the paper-based TOEFL test. You have 20 minutes to do 20 questions. When you have completed the test you will get a score and you can review your answer to each question

Choose the correct answer

1   The locals gather around the electricity generator, but they cannot get _____ .

 lights to start
 started it
 starting it
 it started

There are five basic patterns around which most English sentences are built.* They are as follows:

S-V		Subject-Verb		John sleeps.
				Jill is eating.
				Jack will arrive next week.
S-V-O		Subject-Verb-Object		I like rice.
				She loves her job.
				He's eating an orange.
S-V-Adj		Subject-Verb-Adjective		He is funny.
				The workers are lazy.
				Karen seems angry.
S-V-Adv		Subject-Verb-Adverb		Jim is here.
				Flowers are everywhere.
				No one was there.
S-V-N		Subject-Verb-Noun		She is my mom.
				The men are doctors.
		Mr. Jones is the teacher.

At the heart of every English sentence is the Subject-Verb relationship. Other elements can be added to make a sentence more interesting, but they are not essential to its formation.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V pattern.

She sleeps.		Core sentence
She sleeps soundly.		An adverb is added to describe how she sleeps.
She sleeps on the sofa.		A prepositional phrase is added to tell where she sleeps.
She sleeps every afternoon.		A time expression is added to tell when she sleeps.
She is sleeping right now.		Verb tense is changed, but S-V relationship remains the same.
Mary will sleep later.		Subject is named and another tense is used.
The dogs are sleeping in the garage.		New subject may require a different form of the verb.

Note: Any action verb can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-O pattern.

They like rice.		Core sentence
The people like rice.		Specific subject
The friendly people like rice.		Subject modified with an adjective
The people in the restaurant like rice.		Subject modified with an adjective
The people like boiled rice.		Object modified with an adjective
The people like hot, white rice.		Object modified with more than one adjective

Note: Only transitive action verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-Adj pattern.

He is fine.		Basic sentence with "be" verb
He seems happy.		Basic sentence with another linking verb
Jordan is tall, dark and handsome.		Series of adjectives
He appears very comfortable.		Adverb or intensifier added
George became sick last night.		Different tense and linking verb

Note: Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-Adv pattern.

The teacher is here.		Basic sentence
The teacher is over there.		Using an adverb phrase
Teachers are everywhere.		Plural noun and verb used
The teachers are in the lobby.		Prepositional phrase functioning as adverb

Note: Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

The following sentences are examples of the S-V-N pattern.

The man is a doctor.		Basic sentence
The women are doctors.		Using plural noun and verb
My father is a nice guy.		Modified subject and complement
My grandparents are senior citizens.		Modified plural subject and complement

Note: Only linking verbs can be used with this sentence pattern.

*Other, less common structures are dealt with in another unit.

1. Tips for the Toefl Exam Listening Comprehension Structure and Written Expression Reading Comprehension.
2. General TOEFL strategies  Use your time wisely.  Get familiar with the instructions before taking the TOEFL so that you will not have to waste time reading them.  If you do not know the answer to a question, guess. There is no penalty for guessing. Unmarked answers will be counted as wrong.  Mark your answer sheet very carefully.  Do not write in your test booklet.
3. Tips for the TOEFL exam
4. Structure and Written Expressions  Time: 25 minutes  40 questions in two subsections  Structure (15 questions). You choose gramatically correct sentence completions for sentences with missing parts.  Written Expressions (25 questions). You choose the incorrect segments in complete sentences.
5. PRESENT PARTICIPLES •A present participle is the -ing form of a verb . The present participle can be (1) part of the verb or (2) and adjective. It is part of the verb when it is accompanied by some form of the verb be. e.g. The woman was intriguing against her husband It is an adjective when it is not accompanied by some form of the verb be. e.g. the intriguing woman was a mistery.
6. PAST PARTICIPLE •A past participle often ends in –ed but there are also many irregular past participles. (played, taught) •The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the past participle of a verb,or (3) an adjective. e.g. the finished task is on the desk.
7. COORDINATE CONNECTORS •Many sentences have more than one clause (group of words containing subject and verb). One way to connect two clauses is to use: AND, BUT, OR, or SO between the sentences.
8. •When you analize a sentence, first identify the verb, if there is no verb in the main sentence, you have to choose the answer that contains the correct form of the verb needed. •Once you identify the verb, ask a wh...question of the verb. This will locate the subject
9. •Subject-verb agreement.- the subject must agree with the verb of a sentence in two ways: in number (singular vs. plural) or in person ( first, second or third person). •Be aware that some times there are prepositional phrases (distractors) . •Pronoun-noun agreement.- a pronoun needs to agree with the noun in term of number and gender. •Parallelism principle requieres that expressions of similar content and function should be similar. •Comparison.- make sure to compare the same things always.
10. •Be sure that the sentence has a subject and a verb •Be careful of objects of prepositions because they can be mistaken for the subject of the sentence. The object of the preposition is a noun or a pronoun that comes after a preposition such as: in, at, on, of, to, by, behind, etc, to form a prepositional phrase. •Be careful of appositives. An appositive is a noun that comes before or after another noun and has the same meaning. Appositives can be left out the phrase and it still makes sense.
11. •Be careful of present participles: they can either be as part of the verb or an adjective •Be careful of past participles •Use coordinate connectors correctly: and, but, so, or, yet Parallel structure
12. •Invert the subject and verb with question words •Invert the subject and verb with negatives Subject verb agreement Subject verb agreement

http://www.slideshare.net/ugit_rifai/tips-fortoeflgrammar

http://www.eslgold.net/grammar/basic_sentence.html

http://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/toefl_structure_1.htm

http://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/toefl_structure_2.htm 

http://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/toefl_structure_3.htm

http://www.examenglish.com/TOEFL/toefl_structure_4.htm